Tenses yaitu bentuk kata kerja Bahasa Inggris yang perubahannya berkaitan dengan ‘waktu’.
Misal: Verb 1 (infinitive), Verb 2, dan Verb 3.
Contoh penggunaan ‘tenses’:
1. Saya belajar di SMP (saat ini) 1. I study at SMP
2. Saya belajar di SD tiga tahun yang lalu 2. I studied at SD three years ago
3. Saya akan belajar di SMA tahun depan 3. I will study at SMA next year
JENIS-JENIS TENSES
Ada 16 bentuk tenses. Untuk tingkat SMP, jenis tenses dasar yang harus dikuasi adalah:
A. Simple Present
B. Present Continuos
C. Present Perfect
D. Simple Past
E. Present Future
A. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (waktu kini / saat ini)
Digunakan untuk menjelaskan sesuatu yang bersifat umum dan kebiasaan.
Pola 1
+) S + V1 (s/es) + O
I like English, she likes English, they like English
-) S + Do/does + Not + V1 + O
I Do not like English , She does not like English
?) Do/does + S + V1 + O ?
Do I like English? , Does She like English?
Note :
* Verb ditambah S/es apa bila subject : She, He, It. Jika subject I, You, They, We verb tidak ditambah S/es.
* Do : I, You, They, We
* Does : She, He, It.
Pola 2
S + to be + Complement.
I am fine, she is diligent, they are here.
Complement: Non-Verb, bukan kata kerja
(Contoh: Adjective, Noun and Adverb).
Keterangan Waktu dan Frekwensi:
Every, usually, always, often, sometimes, seldom, ever, never.
B. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (waktu sedang-sekarang)
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang terjadi (sekarang) atau kegiatan yang bersifat sementara.
RUMUS
+) S + (is, am, are) + Ving + O.
He is studying English now.
-) S + (is, am, are) + Not + Ving + O
He is not studying English now
?) (is, am, are) + S + Ving + O ?
Is he studying English now?
Note:
* am : I
* Is :You, They, We.
* are: She, He, It.
Keterangan Waktu:
Now, at present, at this moment, at present.
Note:
* Tidak semua kata kerja bisa diubah menjadi bentuk continuous. Misalnya: believe, know, like, understand, want, see, have , love, ect.
C. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (telah / sudah)
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah atau sudah selesai dilakukan.
+) S + Have/ Has+ V3 + O
She has worked at the bank for 4 years.
-) S + Have/ Has+ Not +V3 + O
She has not worked at the bank for 4 years
?) Have/ Has+ S+ V3 + O?
Has she worked at the bank for 4 years?
Note:
* Have : I , You, They, We.
* Has : She, He, It.
Keterangan Waktu:
since (sejak), for (selama), already/just now (baru saja)
Catatan:
Jika negative (has not / have not) : belum
Jika ditambah ‘ever’ : sudah pernah
Jika ditambah ‘never’ : belum pernah
I have not met him (saya belum bertemu dia)
I have ever met him (saya sudah pernah bertemu dia)
I have never met him (saya belum pernah bertemu dia)
D. SIMPLE PAST TENSE (waktu lampau)
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan di masa lampau/lalu.
Pola 1 :
+) S + V2 + O
She played badminton yesterday
-) S + Did + Not + V1 + O
She did not play badminton yesterday
?) Did+ S + V1 + O ?
Did she play badminton yesterday?
Pola 2 :
S + to be + Complement
She was sick last night, they were here yesterday
Complement: Non-Verb, bukan kata kerja (Contoh: Adjective, Noun and Adverb).
Note:
* To be (was, were) tergantung Subject
* Was: I, he, she, it
* were: You, we, they
Keterangan Waktu:
Yesterday, last ---, --- ago, in 1997, etc.
Catatan:
Contoh kalimat:
(+) We were here last night
(-) We were not here last night
(?) Were we here last night?
E. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE (akan, di masa mendatang)
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan di masa mendatang.
Pola 1:
+) S +Will + V1 + O
She will write the letter tonight.
-) S + Will + Not + V1 + O
She will not write the letter tonight.
?) Will + S + V1 + O ?
Will she write the letter tonight?
Pola 2.
S + will + be + Complement
I will be here tomorrow
Pola Lain: kata ‘will’, diganti dengan to be + going to
to be (is,am,are) sesuaikan dengan Subject-nya
Contoh:
I will work tomorrow
I am going to work tomorrow
She will work tomorrow
She is going to work tomorrow
Keterangan Waktu, misalnya: tomorrow, next time, next week, tonight, coming holiday
LATIHAN SOAL ( ‘TENSES’ )
1. Dian Basuki is a piano player. He plays the piano very well. He ____ many competitions in Indonesia since he was a primary school student. (UN 2006/P1)
A. wins
B. has won
C. will won
D. won
2. Teacher : Who’s absent today, children?
Jihan : Umar, Sir. He’s sick. His mother ______ him to the clinic yesterday.
Teacher : I see. (UN 2005/P1)
A. will take
B. has taken
C. takes
D. took
3. Syfa : Tell me about your plan for the coming holiday.
Anggi : I ______ my holiday in China.
Syfa : It sounds interesting. (UN 2003/P2)
A. have spent
B. am going to spend
C. spend
D. spent