Tenses yaitu bentuk kata kerja Bahasa Inggris yang perubahannya berkaitan dengan ‘waktu’.
Misal: Verb 1 (infinitive), Verb 2, dan Verb 3.
 |
| 16 Tenses | MrInggris.tk |
Contoh penggunaan ‘Tenses’:
1. Saya belajar di SMP (saat ini). | I study at SMP
2. Saya belajar di SD tiga tahun yang lalu. | I studied at SD three years ago
3. Saya akan belajar di SMA tahun depan. | I will study at SMA next year
JENIS-JENIS TENSES
Ada 16 bentuk tenses. Untuk tingkat SMP, jenis tenses dasar yang harus dikuasi adalah:
A. Simple Present
B. Present Continuos
C. Present Perfect
D. Simple Past
E. Present Future
A. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (waktu kini / saat ini)
Digunakan untuk menjelaskan sesuatu yang bersifat umum dan kebiasaan.
Rumus Pola 1 (Verbal)
+) S + V1 (s/es) + O.
I like English, she likes English, they like English.
-) S + Do/does + Not + V1 + O.
I Do not like English , She does not like English.
?) Do/does + S + V1 + O ?
Do I like English? , Does She like English?
Note :
*Verb ditambah S/es apa bila subject: She, He, It.
*Jika subject I, You, They, We verb tidak ditambah S/es.
*Do : I, You, They, We | Does : She, He, It.
Rumus Pola 2 (Nominal)
S + to be + Complement.
I am fine, she is diligent, they are here.
Complement: Non-Verb, bukan kata kerja (Contoh: Adjective, Noun and Adverb).
Keterangan Waktu dan Frekwensi:
Every, usually, always, often, sometimes, seldom, ever, never.
B. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (waktu sedang-sekarang)
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang terjadi (sekarang) atau kegiatan yang bersifat sementara.
+) S + (is, am, are) + Ving + O.
He is studying English now.
-) S + (is, am, are) + Not + Ving + O.
He is not studying English now
?) (is, am, are) + S + Ving + O?
Is he studying English now?
Note:
*am : I | *Is :You, They, We | *are : She, He, It.
Keterangan Waktu:
Now, at present, at this moment, at present.
Note:
*Tidak semua kata kerja bisa diubah menjadi bentuk continuous. Misalnya: believe, know, like, understand, want, see, have , love, ect.
C. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (telah / sudah)
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah atau sudah selesai dilakukan.
+) S + Have/ Has+ V3 + O.
She has worked at the bank for 4 years.
-) S + Have/ Has+ Not +V3 + O.
She has not worked at the bank for 4 years
?) Have/ Has+ S+ V3 + O?
Has she worked at the bank for 4 years?
Note:
*Have : I , You, They, We.
*Has : She, He, It.
Keterangan Waktu:
since (sejak), for (selama), already/just now (baru saja)
Catatan:
*Jika negative (has not / have not) : belum
*Jika ditambah ‘ever’ : sudah pernah
*Jika ditambah ‘never’ : belum pernah
I have not met him (saya belum bertemu dia)
I have ever met him (saya sudah pernah bertemu dia)
I have never met him (saya belum pernah bertemu dia)
D. SIMPLE PAST TENSE (waktu lampau)
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan di masa lampau/lalu.
Rumus Pola 1 (Verbal)
+) S + V2 + O.
She played badminton yesterday
-) S + Did + Not + V1 + O.
She did not play badminton yesterday
?) Did+ S + V1 + O ?
Did she play badminton yesterday?
Rumus Pola 2 (Nominal)
S + to be + Complement (ANA).
She was sick last night, they were here yesterday
*Complement: Non-Verb, bukan kata kerja (Contoh: Adjective, Noun and Adverb).
Keterangan Waktu:
Yesterday, last ---, --- ago, in 1997, etc.
Catatan:
Pola 1. Pembentukan Verb2:
*Untuk regular verb (teratur) tambahkan d/ed
*Untuk irregular verb (tdk teratur) lihat kamus (daftar Verb)
*Untuk kal. Negative dan Tanya, kata kerja bantu-nya (Aux. Verb) adalah: did
Pola 2. To be (was, were) tergantung Subject
*Was: I, he, she, it | *were: You, we, they.
Contoh kalimat:
(+) We were here last night
(-) We were not here last night
(?) Were we here last night?
E. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE (akan, di masa mendatang)
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan di masa mendatang.
Rumus Pola 1 (Verbal)
+) S +Will + V1 + O.
She will write the letter tonight.
-) S + Will + Not + V1 + O.
She will not write the letter tonight.
?) Will + S + V1 + O ?
Will she write the letter tonight?
Rumus Pola 2 (Nominal)
S + will + be + Complement.
I will be here tomorrow
*Pola Lain: kata ‘will’, diganti dengan to be + going to
*to be (is,am,are) sesuaikan dengan Subject-nya
Contoh: I will work tomorrow | I am going to work tomorrow
She will work tomorrow | She is going to work tomorrow
*Keterangan Waktu, misalnya: tomorrow, next time, next week, tonight, coming holiday.